We’ve heard for several years now how amazing the Dead Sea Scrolls find was, but we don’t often hear the story of what’s included in the Scrolls. You can buy a number of that purport to detail why the Scrolls were important, but I think one ‘find’ stands above all the rest: the meaning of “works of law” or “ergon nomou” in Greek.
You see, the Catholic Church has long argued that “works of law” refers to the ceremonial law handed out in the Old Testament, not to the Ten Commandments (or Moral Law). This can be see in the earliest Christian writings and followed through Augustine to the present day. Seems pretty clear, huh? So what’s the point?
Martin Luther, in his infinite wisdom, decided that the Church had been wrong for 1,500 years. He decided that “works of law” referred to all of the laws of the Old Testament, including the Ten Commandments. Ultimately this became the doctrine of sola fides or ‘by Faith alone,’ which is one of the two pillars of the reformation (and the one Luther declared the most important). All because of one verse:
Romans 3:28. For we hold that a man is justified by faith apart from works of law.
The Church teaches, along with all of history, that Paul is stating that we are justified by faith, not by acts such as circumcision or Old Testament sacrifices, which are “works of law;” a stock formula in those days. The best discovery in the Dead Sea Scrolls? That the Catholic Church was right and Luther was wrong. Many protestants are starting to see this as true -
click here for a detailed look at “works of law” in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
One other point that should be made is that only the Catholic understanding of these verses makes sense in light of James:
James 2:24. You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone.
This verse inflamed Luther so much that he wanted to remove James from the Bible along with the other seven books he removed, but he restrained himself (others talked him out of it). Back to the point, this verse directly contradicts Luther’s translation of Romans 3:28, because he translated it as “man is justified by faith alone” even though he admitted the word “alone” is not in the actual text.
I’ll be writing more on this in the future, but sola fide is a doctrine fraught with problems in the Bible – you can’t change doctrine like Luther did without rewriting the Bible.
Let me know what you think.
Jay